PAR 

When a player matches the intended amount of strokes for a hole or round (usually around 72 for 18 holes)

BIRDIE (-1)

When a player scores 1 stroke fewer than par on a hole

BOGEY (+1)

When a player scores 1 stroke more than par on a hole. “double-bogey” and “triple-bogey” are 2 and 3 shots over par, respectively.

EAGLE (-2)

When a player scores 2 shots fewer than par on a hole.

ACE

A hole-in-one; when a player gets it in the hole in 1 shot, usually on a par 3